There are many types of grinders, mainly including surface grinders, external cylindrical grinders, internal cylindrical grinders, universal external cylindrical grinders (also capable of grinding inner holes), gear grinders, thread grinders, guide rail grinders, centerless grinders (for grinding outer circles), and tool grinders (for grinding cutting tools). Here is an introduction to the surface grinder and its motion.

1. Structure of surface grinder
(Taking m7120a as an example, where: m - grinding machine tool; 71- Horizontal axis rectangular surface grinder; 20- The width of the workbench is 200mm; The first major improvement
(1) Grinding wheel holder - Install the grinding wheel and drive it to rotate at high speed. The grinding wheel holder can manually or hydraulically move laterally along the dovetail guide of the slide.
(2) Sliding seat - Install the grinding wheel holder and drive it to move up and down along the column guide rail.
(3) Column - supporting slide and grinding wheel holder.
(4) Workbench - Install workpieces and perform reciprocating linear motion driven by hydraulic system.
(5) Bed - supports the workbench and installs other components.
(6) Coolant system - provides coolant (saponification oil) to the grinding area.
(7) Hydraulic transmission system - its components include:
1) Power components - for the oil pump, supplying pressure oil to the hydraulic transmission system;
2) Execution components - oil cylinders that drive the movement of components such as workbenches;
3) Control components - for various valves, controlling pressure, speed, direction, etc
4) Auxiliary components such as fuel tanks, pressure gauges, etc.
Compared with mechanical transmission, hydraulic transmission has the advantages of smooth transmission, overload protection, and stepless speed regulation over a large range.

2. Plane grinding motion
(1) Main motion - high-speed rotational motion of the grinding wheel.
(2) Feed motion
1) Longitudinal feed - the reciprocating linear motion of the workpiece driven by the worktable;
2) Vertical feed - the movement of the grinding wheel towards the depth direction of the workpiece;
3) Lateral feed - the clearance movement of the grinding wheel along its axis.