An external cylindrical grinder generally consists of a cast iron bed body, a worktable, a headstock and tailstock that support and drive the workpiece to rotate, a grinding wheel rack (grinding head) that installs the grinding wheel, a transverse feed mechanism that controls the size of the grinding workpiece, and electrical and hydraulic devices that control the movement of the machine tool's moving parts. It is mainly divided into the following types:
Cut in equipment: When the length of the workpiece grinding part is less than the width of the grinding wheel, the grinding wheel only needs to make continuous lateral feed without relative axial movement with the workpiece, and this equipment has high productivity.
End face cylindrical grinder: The grinding wheel holder is tilted at an angle around the vertical axis, and the grinding wheel surface is polished into two grinding surfaces parallel and perpendicular to the workpiece axis. It can simultaneously grind the outer circle and shoulder end face of the workpiece, and is generally used for mass production.
Universal equipment: The grinding wheel holder is equipped with an inner circle grinding accessory. The grinding wheel holder and head holder can adjust an angle around the vertical axis. In addition to rotating the dial on the head holder, the spindle can also rotate. This equipment can expand its range, grind inner holes and inner and outer conical surfaces with larger taper angles, and is suitable for small and medium-sized batch and single piece production.
In addition, there are double wheel racks and multi wheel cylindrical grinders that can simultaneously grind two or more shaft necks, suitable for mass production.