There are multiple factors that affect the surface quality of machined parts on external cylindrical grinders, including:
1. Grinding parameters: Grinding parameters include grinding speed, grinding depth, feed rate, etc. Reasonable selection of grinding parameters can control the cutting force and thermal effects during the grinding process, thereby affecting surface quality. Excessive grinding speed and depth may lead to heat accumulation and plastic deformation of the material, affecting surface quality.
2. Grinding wheel selection: The material, particle size, and structure of the grinding wheel have a significant impact on the grinding effect and surface quality. Choosing suitable grinding wheel materials and particle sizes, as well as appropriate grinding wheel structures, can achieve excellent grinding results and surface quality.
3. Grinding fluid: The selection and use of grinding fluid have a significant impact on surface quality. Grinding fluid can reduce friction and heat during the grinding process, decrease cutting force and grinding heat, thereby improving surface quality. Suitable grinding fluid should have good lubrication and cooling properties.
4. Grinding machine precision: The precision of an external cylindrical grinder has a direct impact on the surface quality of the workpiece. High precision grinding machines can provide a stable grinding process, reduce errors and vibrations, thereby improving surface quality.
5. Workpiece material: The hardness, toughness, and cutting performance of the workpiece material have an impact on the quality of the ground surface. Different materials require different grinding parameters and wheel selection to achieve good surface quality.
6. Vibration and deformation during the grinding process: Vibration and deformation can cause uneven grinding surfaces and deterioration of surface quality. Therefore, measures need to be taken, such as increasing the rigidity of machine tools, reducing grinding forces, and providing reasonable support for workpieces, to reduce the impact of vibration and deformation on surface quality.
In summary, the surface quality of workpieces processed by external cylindrical grinders is affected by multiple factors, and it is necessary to comprehensively consider factors such as grinding parameters, grinding wheel selection, grinding fluid, grinding machine accuracy, workpiece material, and vibration and deformation during the grinding process to achieve the required surface quality requirements.